An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr) is a blood test that can show if you have inflammation in your body. Inflammation is your immune system's response to injury, infection, and many other. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr, or sed rate) measures how quickly red blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube. Typically, the higher the sed rate, the more inflammation there is. Learn about the esr test, its purpose, normal ranges, causes of high or low levels, symptoms, sample type, and when to consult a doctor.